"It is better to light one candle than to curse the darkness." The Christophers Foreword Ophthalmologists, optometrists and research workers are responsible for the second opinion presented in this book, that nearsightedness (myopia) is as much, if not greatly more, due to environment (and avoidable) than heredity (unavoidable). The essence of avoiding myopia is using a plus lens (a mild magnifying glass, as in reading glasses required by older people) before the eye becomes seriously nearsighted. If the approach advocated in this book is to work properly, you must take full responsibility to develop a clear understanding of the normal eye's behavior. In addition, you must personally implement the practical method of prevention. In this situation we can only offer the student of science an accurate picture of existing practices, as well as an education about the fundamental behavioral characteristic of the normal eye. This approach will put you in full control of your visual welfare. The author has demonstrated a depth of understanding of the problems and limits that occur in existing health practice. With good judgment, and personal effort, it is highly probable that you can avoid nearsightedness. Paul E. Romano M.D., M.S.O. Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ACKNOWLEDGMENT Over the past thirty years I have made an exhaustive effort to review the experimental data that allows us to accurately judge the eye's behavior. In this effort I have met many fine individuals working in the diverse fields of engineering, ophthalmology, aeronautical education, optometry, and scientific research. In addition, I have been assisted by many friends who have patiently reviewed this analysis and engaged in much discussion and review. The writing of this book was possible only with the assistance of the following individuals: Paul Romano, MD, University of Florida Peter Greene, PhD, Harvard University Karel Montor, PhD, The United States Naval Academy Dave Guyton, MD, Johns Hopkins University Alfred Sommers, MD, Johns Hopkins Hospital James Tielsch, MD, Johns Hopkins Hospital Lawrence Stark, MD, PhD, Research Scientist Vera Rollo, PhD, Author, Flight Instructor William Ludlam, OD, Research Optometrist Francis Young, PhD, Research Psychologist Alan Shotwell, OD, Research Optometrist Stirling Colgate, PhD, Research Scientist, Los Alamos Howard Howland, PhD, Research Scientist, Cornell University Maurice Brumer, OD, Research Optometrist Brian Severson, Professional Pilot Ron Berger, OD, Child Diagnostics and Treatments Associates And last, but most important, I gratefully acknowledge Carol Brown's support. She has borne with patience the almost endless academic discussions about the normal eye's behavior that led to this book.